40個典型例句分析，長難句攻克不再難

　　摘要：七月過半，考研寶寶們，你們開始看英語長難句了沒？無論開始還是沒開始，幫幫為大家整理了40個典型長難句的句子結構分析，收藏下來，據說看完之后再學長難句可以提高學習效率哦！

　　1. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates， Australia's Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. (1996.閱讀.Text A)

　　【譯文】經過六個月的爭論和議會最后十六小時激烈的辯論，澳大利亞北部行政區(qū)成為全球第一個允許醫(yī)生為尋求解脫的絕癥患者實行安樂死的法定權威。

　　【析句】這是一個比較簡單的復合長句，句子的主干是Australia's Northern Territory became the first legal authority。句中，after引導時間狀語從句，表明發(fā)生的時間；who wish to die 是patients的定語從句，將patients的范圍限定在尋求解脫的患者中；兩個不定式結構to allow和to take分別是the first/序數詞+to do sth和allow sb to do sth兩個固定搭配的應用。

　　2. The full import may take a while to sink in... (1996.閱讀.Text A)

　　【譯文】這份法案的深刻意義或許需要一段時間才能被充分理解。

　　【析句】句子很簡單，但不容易理解，有兩個難點：(1)import"進口"的基本含義更為考生熟知，但在此句中語義不通。這里考察import作為名詞的另一個意思：含義、意義，full import則是"深刻含義"。(2)短語sink in 此處意為"被充分理解"，注意與"sink into"意為"沉入到......中去"區(qū)分。

　　3. Some have breathed sighs of relief， others， including churches， right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association， bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage... (1996.閱讀.Text A)

　　【譯文】有些人松了一口氣，而另一些如教會、生命權利組織和澳大利亞醫(yī)學會都對法案以及法案倉促的通過進行了強烈的抨擊。

　　【析句】句子主干是some......，others......結構，表明對安樂死法案兩種不同的態(tài)度。including這里是介詞，意為"包含、包括"，e.g.There were five females among the passengers，including the stewardess.

　　4. For a long period of time and in many parts of the country， a traveler was a welcome break in an otherwise dull existence.（1996. 閱讀 Text B）

　　【譯文】長久以來，在美國很多地區(qū)，旅行者打破了往常生活的枯燥而受到人們歡迎。

　　【析句】這句話有兩個抽象名詞break和existence，若按字面意思直譯，則很難理解。在分析此類句子時，要注意把握詞句的內在含義。break作動詞時意為"打碎，折斷"，作名詞時含義相近，意為"裂口，裂縫；破裂"，還有"中斷，休息"之意。例如Life at sea is a welcome break for my job as a schoolteacher. I love traveling to exotic places and I love the hard work. 而existence意 為"存在，生存"，一般情況下可看做life的同義詞。因此，整句話的意思是，旅行者的到來打破了平靜枯燥的生活，給當地居民帶來些許新鮮感，這或許是北美人民大多熱情好客的原因之一。

　　5. As is true of any developed society， in America a complex set of cultural signals， assumptions， and conventions underlies all social interrelationships.（1996. 閱讀 Text B）

　　【譯文】同任何發(fā)達國家一樣，一系列復雜的文化特征，信念和習俗構成了美國所有社會交往的基礎。

　　【析句】本句的主干是a complex of ... underlies  social interrelations。as is true of ...是由as引導的非限制性定語從句，修飾America，而不是a complex set ...。其中，underlie意為"是......的基礎；優(yōu)先于"。

　　6. The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial， but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition.（1996. 閱讀 Text B）

　　【譯文】許多美國人的這種隨意的友好態(tài)度不應該被看成是膚淺的或虛假的，而應解釋成一種由來已久的歷史文化傳統(tǒng)。

　　【析句】這句話比較長，但結構并不復雜。主要有兩個短語組成，be interpreted as和 neither ...nor...but...。注意第三個as引導的成分與前兩個as引導的成分是并列的，都是與interpret的固定搭配。

　　7. Such large， impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class， an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. (1996. 閱讀. Text C)

　　【譯文】對資本和企業(yè)的這種大規(guī)模的非個人操縱大大增加了股東作為一個階級的數量和重要性。這個階層作為國計民生的一部分，代表了非個人責任的財富與土地及土地所有者應盡義務的分離，而且也幾乎與責任管理相分離。

　　【析句】這種長句句式復雜，內容抽象，讓考生一頭霧水，不知所云。面對這一攔路虎，首先要抓住句子的主干，...manipulation increased numbers and importance...，(which is)an element...。主語和賓語都有較長的短語和of結構限定。而非限制性定語an element ...landowners中又帶有兩個定語從句，一個是(which was)representing，另一個是(which was)detached。將定語從句中省略的"引導詞+be "結構補充完整，則不易與分詞結構混淆。

　　8. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large "comfortable" classes who had retired on their incomes， and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders' meeting to dictate their orders to the management. (1996. 閱讀. Text C)

　　【譯文】像伯恩茅斯和伊斯特本這樣的城鎮(zhèn)的涌現(xiàn)是為了給大批"舒適"階層提供休憩之所。這些人依賴豐厚的收入生活，除了參加分紅和偶爾參加股東大會向管理層下達命令之外，與社會的其他階層毫無瓜葛。

　　【析句】這一長句的難點在于賓語comfortable classes有兩個由定語從句who has retired...， who had no relation...并由and連接，而第二個定語從句中存在較長的介詞短語結構，except是介詞，that指代relation，drawing 和attending是并列關系，作of的賓語，to dictate their orders..是目的狀語。

　　9. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands， but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away.  (1996. 閱讀. Text C)

　　【譯文】帶薪管理公司的職業(yè)經理人與工人以及他們需要的關系更加直接，但是就連他也不熟悉工人的個人狀況，而這種個人了解卻常常存在于現(xiàn)在不斷消失的古老家族公司的那種家長制制度下。

　　【析句】整個句子由but引導兩個轉折關系的句子，第一個句子的主干是the paid manager...was in more direct with...their demands， acting for...是現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，修飾manager；第二個句子主干是even he had...personal knowledge of the workmen...， which引導定語從句修飾familiar personal knowledge，passing aways是現(xiàn)在分詞作定語修飾前面的old family business.將各種修飾成分與它們所修飾的內容之間的關系搞清楚，那么整句話就更容易理解了。

　　10. Americans flocked to these fairs to admire the new machines and thus to renew their faith in the beneficence of technological advance.

　　【譯文】美國人成群結隊地涌向這些展覽會是為了欣賞新的機器，從而繼續(xù)對技術進步所帶來的便捷保持信心。

　　【析句】句子不難，有兩個to引導的目的狀語從句。有三個單詞值得注意：第一個是flock，動詞作"聚集；成群而行"講；第二個是admire，有"欽佩，欣賞"之義；第三個單詞renew基本意思是指將陳舊的或年久失修的東西徹底地翻新或使年老的人再次恢復青春活力，即"復原，更新"；也可指一件事情從頭再來或完成其未完成的東西，即"重新開始""繼續(xù)"。引申還可指"補充""延長…的期限"等。

　　11. Given this optimistic approach to technological innovation， the American worker took readily to that special kind of nonverbal thinking required in mechanical technology.

　　【譯文】由于這種鼓勵技術創(chuàng)新的積極方法，美國工人很容易就掌握了機械技術中要求的那種獨特的非語言思維方式。

　　【析句】given是介詞，意為"考慮到，如果"，e.g. Given their inexperience， they've done their best. 考慮到他們缺乏經驗，他們已經盡力了。take與介詞百搭，這里的take to意為"開始； 從事； 喜歡； 形成 ... 的習慣； 容易學會"。像take、make這種看起來簡單實際上復雜的單詞的搭配及用法需要考生多總結、多運用。

　　12. The mechanic should sit down among levers， screws， wedges， wheels， etc.， like a poet among the letters of the alphabet， considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts， in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea.

　　【譯文】技工應該坐在杠桿、螺絲、楔子、輪子等工具周圍，就像詩人被字母圍繞，把它們當做思路的展示，每一個新組合都傳達一個新想法。

　　【析句】句子的主干是The mechanic should sit down…， like a …， considering them as…， in which a...。有些考生可能會困惑，considering現(xiàn)在分詞引導的狀語從句修飾的是the mechanic，還是a poet。狀語從句可以放在句首，也可放在句尾。如果從句提前，那么很明顯，修飾的是the mechanic。也可以通過分析句子主干判斷。

　　13. The Aswan Dam， for example， stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left -- all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity.

　　【譯文】例如，阿斯旺大壩阻擋了尼羅河的洪水，但埃及也失去了洪水退去后留下的肥沃淤泥--這一切換來得是一個使人們疾病叢生的巨大水庫。如今水庫里積滿了淤泥，基本上無法發(fā)電。

　　【析句】句子的主干是the Aswan Dam stopped...but deprived ...。stopped和deprived是有轉折關系的并列成分。that floods left作fertile silt的定語從句。破折號后all in return ...是省略了"引導詞+be"的非限制性定語從句即(which was)all in return for...。非限制性定語從句中又有which引導的定語從句，which is now ...silt修飾a giant reservoir.后面的that構成so...that...的固定搭配。

　　14. This week， in the heart of civilized Europe， Slovaks and Hungarians stopped just short of sending in the troops in their contention over a dam on the Danube.

　　【譯文】本周在文明的歐洲腹地，斯洛伐克人和匈牙利人為了多瑙河上的一處水壩所引起的爭端，差一點就派出了部隊。

　　【析句】stop short of 意為"突然停止；未到達"，引申義相當于be close to.英語中名詞結構應用十分廣泛，可與所對應的的名詞互換，使行文簡潔生動。如本句中的in their contention over...就等于contend over(for)"爭奪，斗爭"。

　　15. Meanwhile， in India， the World Bank has given the go-ahead to the even more wrong-headed Narmada Dam.

　　【譯文】同時，世界銀行已經貸款給印度建造納爾達瑪大壩，簡直是錯上加錯。

　　【析句】這句話中兩個單詞用的很好，一個是go-ahead。give go-ahead to do sth意為"允許、批準做某事"，比起allow sb to do sth更加形象生動。另一個是wrong-headed，意為"固執(zhí)己見的，堅持錯誤的"，與go-ahead形似，前后呼應。

　　16. Think of Gallileo's 17th-century trial for his rebelling belief before the Catholic Church or poet William Blake's harsh remarks against the mechanistic worldview of Isaac Newton.  (1998.閱讀.Text.A)

　　【譯文】想想十七世紀，伽利略由于叛逆性的信仰受到天主教會的審判，或是詩人威廉姆布萊克對艾薩克牛頓的機械的世界觀所提出的尖銳批評。

　　【析句】句子的主干是一個祈使句，Think of...Gallileo's trial... or William Blake's harsh remarks...，of后有兩個并列的賓語，賓語后分別跟介詞短語for his rebelling...和against the mechanistic worldview...。注意多在作文中靈活運用介詞替代重復出現(xiàn)的動詞會有很不錯的效果哦！

　　17. A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the anti-science tag has been attached to many other groups as well， from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research.(1998.閱讀.Text.A)

　　【譯文】一項關于1996年的新聞故事的調查顯示，很多其他組織也被貼上了反科學的標簽，比如提倡消滅最后一批儲存的天花病毒的機構和某些提議削減基礎研究資金的共和黨人。

　　【析句】句子的主干是A survey of ... reveals that...，賓語從句的主干是the anti-science tag has been attached to...groups。from...to...此處相當于such as...，每個例子分別含有一個定語從句who advocated...和who advocated，由and連接表示并列關系。

　　18. They have in common only one thing that they tend to annoy or threaten those who regard themselves as more enlightened.(1998.閱讀.Text.A)

　　【譯文】他們只有一點是相同的，就是想惹怒或恐嚇那些自認為更文明的人。

　　【析句】句子很短，但包含兩個從句，that they tend to...作the only one thing的同位語從句，同位語從句里又包含一個定語從句who regard themselves...

　　19. While warnings are often appropriate and necessary -- the dangers of drug interactions， for example -- and many are required by state or federal regulations， it isn't clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured. (1998.閱讀.Text A)

　　【譯文】警告往往是恰當且必要的，比如提醒藥物反應帶來的危險，有些警告也是州法或聯(lián)邦法律所要求的。但事實上，若使用者受傷，法律條款并沒有明確地保護生產商或銷售者使其不必承擔責任。

　　【析句】整句話的主干是主句+時間狀語從句，主句中，it作形式主語，真正的主語是they actually protect...from liability，主句里又包括一個if引導的條件狀語從句；while引導的時間狀語從句中，有兩個并列的分句warnings are...and many are...。破折號中間的內容屬于插入語，抓主干時可暫時省略。

　　20. As personal injury claims continue as before， some courts are beginning to side with defendants， especially in cases where a warning label probably wouldn't have changed anything. (1998.閱讀.Text A)

　　【譯文】隨著人身傷害起訴案件一如既往地不斷增加，一些法庭的判決開始偏向被告，尤其是在商品警告標簽可能起不了多大作用的情況下。

　　【析句】整句話由主句some courts are beginning...+時間狀語從句as personal injury claims...as before構成。其中，主句更為復雜，又包括一個where引導的定語從句，時態(tài)虛擬為語氣wouldn't have changed...。

　　21. At the same time， the American Law Institute -- a group of judges， lawyers， and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight -- issued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones.(1999.閱讀.Text A)

　　【譯文】與此同時，美國法律研究所--由一群法官、律師和理論專家組成，他們的建議分量極重--發(fā)布了新的民事傷害法令指導方針，宣稱公司不必提醒顧客注意顯而易見的危險，也不必連篇累牘地一再提請他們注意一些可能會出現(xiàn)的危險。

　　【析句】首先把破折號中間的插入語省略不看，句子的主干是the American Law Institute issued new guildelines for tort law，stating that ...是動名詞引導定語從句，可以另寫為which stated...。再看插入語中，包含一個whose引導的定語從句。正是各種從句的存在使得整句話顯得復雜難解，也是考生在作文中應該借鑒之處。

　　22. If experiments are planned and carried out according to plan as faithfully as the reports in the science journals indicate， then it is perfectly logical for management to expect research to produce results measurable in dollars and cents. (1999. 閱讀. Text 5)

　　【譯文】如果實驗是像科學雜志上的報告所示的那樣如實地根據計劃規(guī)劃和實施的話，那么對管理層來說，期待研究能夠產生可以用金錢衡量的結果是完全合理的。

　　【析句】首先抓主干，主干是一個帶有條件狀語從句的復合句If experiments are planned and carried...， then it is perfetly logical...。if條件狀語從句中有一個比較結構as faithfully as the reports...indicate，相比較的成分是experiments are planned and carried out 和the reports...indicate，因為動詞不同，所以后面不能用do代替，例如He runs faster than I do。主句中出現(xiàn)了it作形式主語，真正的主語是后面的動詞不定式to expect research to...。

　　23. It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope. (1999. 閱讀. Text 5)

　　【譯文】審計人員也完全有理由相信，確切知道自己的目標并知道如何實現(xiàn)這一目標的科學家們根本沒必要在一只眼盯著顯微鏡時，還要分心用另一只眼睛盯著現(xiàn)金計數器。

　　【析句】因為it此處作形式主語替代不定式引導的主語從句，所以真正的句子主干應該是to believe that... is entirely reasonable.主語從句中的主干是scientists should not be distracted by the necessity...register，后面有while引導的時間狀語從句。主語從句里又包含多個從句：who know ...引導定語從句，修飾scientists；where...goingand how...there是know的賓語從句。長句里包含從句，從句中又包含從句，是英語長句難以理解的主要原因。

　　24. Nor， if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect， is management to be blamed for discriminating against the "odd balls" among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who "work well with the team." (1999. 閱讀. Text 5)

　　【譯文】如果科學家們做試驗和寫論文一樣步驟規(guī)范、遵守要求，那么管理層就不該因歧視研究者中"思維與眾不同的人"、喜歡其中思想較為傳統(tǒng)的"善于團隊合作"的人而受到指責了。

　　【析句】英語復合句中，從句的位置比較靈活，可根據需要放在句前、句中、句后。這里就是從句放在句子的例子，割裂了主句，增加了閱讀的困難程度。本句是由一個完全否定的主句nor is management to be blamed for...和一個條件狀語從句組成的if regularity and conformity are...as...as...(比較結構)構成。主語從句中連續(xù)用了三個介詞，for表原因，aganist表反對，in favor of表支持，要注意英語中介詞的應用；thinkers后是who引導的定語從句。

　　25. When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War， it had a market eight times larger than any competitor， giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. (2000. 閱讀. Text A)

　　【譯文】二戰(zhàn)結束后，美國恰好進入了這樣一個繁榮時期，它當時的市場是任何競爭者的八倍大，這使得其工業(yè)具有前所未有的規(guī)模經濟。

　　【析句】本句是復合句，主干是it had a market ....competitor when the United States entered...。主句里，it指代美國；此處有一個比較結構：倍數+形容詞比較級+than+比較的對象；逗號后，動名詞引導非限制性定語從句，相當于which gived its...。

　　26. For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors， which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age， was going to be the next casualty. (2000. 閱讀. Text A)

　　【譯文】人們曾一度以為，半導體制造業(yè)會是下一個在海外品牌面前全軍覆沒的產業(yè)，而在新計算機時代居于核心地位的半導體正是美國人發(fā)明的。

　　【析句】句子的主干是It looked as though...， look與sound、sense等感官動詞一起作連系動詞，因此，as though 引導表語從句the making of semiconductors was going to...casualty. 注意兩個逗號之間是兩個并列的which引導的定語從句修飾the making of semiconductors。

　　27. There are about 105 males born for every 100 females， but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity， and among 70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men.

　　【譯文】每出生一百位女嬰就約有一百零五位男嬰降生，但到成年，這一比例基本持平，七十多歲的老人里，健在的老年女性的數量是老年男性的二倍。

　　【析句】這個長句比較簡單，是由三個簡單句由and、but連接，形成簡單的并列或轉折關系，每個簡單句中沒有增加句子長度的從句。

　　28. This means that， for the first time， there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when they are searching for a mate.

　　【譯文】這意味著到了男孩尋找伴侶的關鍵年齡將首次出現(xiàn)男孩過剩。

　　【析句】這是一個很典型的復合長句，首先抓主干，主句是一個簡單句This means that...，從句在mean后是賓語從句；主句沒有從句，這意味著不必分析"主從"；看"從從"，賓語從句there will be an...years后有一個when引導的時間狀語從句。至此，基本的邏輯關系就分析清楚了。

　　29. The grand mediocrity of today -- everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring -- means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribes.

　　【譯文】今天這種每個人的生存機會和子女數量都相同的極其顯著的平均化，意味著與部落相比，自然選擇在印度社會中、上層中已經失去了80%的效力。

　　【析句】句子的主干是The grand mediocrity of today means that...(主句)+the natural selection...(賓語從句)，破折號之間是伴隨狀語；主句和從句中都沒有進一步的從句，因此整句話相對來說不難理解。

　　30. When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion， it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at， for， however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today， it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. (2000. 閱讀. Text C)

　　【譯文】當藝術上的一項新運動達到一定流行程度時，最好先弄清該運動倡導者的目的，因為，無論他們的創(chuàng)作原則在今天看來多么牽強、多么荒謬，在未來這些理論有可能會被視為正常的東西。

　　【析句】這一復合句的主干包括一個主句it is advisable to find out... aiming at和兩個從句：時間狀語從句when...fashion，原因狀語從句for it is possible...。主句中find out后是what引導的賓語從句，it作形式主語，真正主語是不定式。時間狀語從句比較簡單，而原因狀語從句算得上整句話的難點，首先因為for與它引導的從句被割裂，必須跳過兩個逗號之間的部分將引導詞和從句連接起來才能理解這句話的意思；其次，原因狀語從句還帶有一個讓步狀語從句，however farfetched ...may seem today，而且為倒裝。

　　31. With regard to Futurist poetry， however， the case is rather difficult， for whatever Futurist poetry may be -- even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right -- it can hardly be classed as Literature. (2000. 閱讀. Text C)。

　　【譯文】然而，就未來主義派詩歌而言，情況卻相當不同了。因為無論未來派詩歌為何物--即使承認其理論依據是正確的--也很難稱其為文學作品。

　　【析句】句子的主干是the case is rather difficult， for it can...literature。主句里，with regard to是介詞短語，并非從句，however表示與上文有轉折關系。這一長句的難點主要在for引導的原因狀語從句中。從句中，it can hardly...literature 是主句，又包含一個讓步狀語從句whatever Futurist poetry may be。兩個破折號之間是動名詞引導的插入語，甚至插入語中也存在一個which引導的定語從句。例2與例1結構相似，都是從句被其他成分割裂，需要考生自己判斷整合。

　　32. But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river -- and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers: "Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms. (2000. 閱讀. Text C)

　　【譯文】在某首詩中，未來派詩人用一行文字描寫了一名土耳其軍官和一名保加利亞軍官在橋上發(fā)生搏斗的場面，結果雙雙從橋上掉入河中?？戳诉@樣的詩，有點讓人摸不著頭腦，后來看了注解才發(fā)現(xiàn)，詩把他們兩人落水的聲音和體重寫在了一起："撲通！撲通！185公斤。"

　　【析句】句子長，結構復雜，考生不容易馬上抓住句子大意。解題的對策是首先找出句子的主干部分，it is a little upsetting to read...and to find...。其中，it作形式主語，真正的主語是to read...and to find...。read后that...是第一個賓語從句，作read的賓語，從句里又有一個介詞which引導的定語從句修飾bridge；find后that...是第二個賓語從句，作find的賓語。一定要注意句子中破折號、兩個逗號之間的成分，把握句子的主干，然后層層分析。

　　33. The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teenagers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan's rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs. (2000. 閱讀. Text D)

　　【譯文】戰(zhàn)后嬰兒出生高峰期的到來以及婦女進入男性主宰的就業(yè)市場，限制了青少年的發(fā)展機遇，這些青少年已經開始質疑在進好學校，找好工作，攀登日本等級森嚴的社會階梯的過程中所付出的的沉重個人犧牲是否值得。

　　【析句】本句較長，但結構并不十分復雜。句子的主干是The coming of age...and an entry of women... have limited the opportunities of teenagers. 后有who引導的定語從句who are...sacrifices，修飾teenagers；同時，定語從句中又包含過去分詞引導的從句involved in ...相當于which were involved...。

　　34. Last year Mitsuo Setoyama， who was then education minister， raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War II had weakened the "Japanese morality of respect for parents." (2000. 閱讀. Text D)

　　【譯文】去年，時任教育大臣的Mitsuo Setoyama就提出責難，他認為二戰(zhàn)后美國占領當局引進的自由改革削弱了"日本尊敬父母的道德觀"。

　　【析句】本文的主干是Mituso Setoyama raised eyebrows when he argued...。其中，主句中，有who引導的定語從句，修飾Mitsuo Setoyama，點明人物身份；從句是when引導的時間狀語從句，argue后that引導賓語從句，introduced by...WW II是liberal reforms的定語。修飾成分再多再長，只要找準主干再層層分析，問題就迎刃而解。

　　35. With economic growth has come centralization; fully 76 percent of Japan's 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated， two-generation households. (2000. 閱讀. Text D)

　　【譯文】隨著經濟的發(fā)展，居住集中化也隨之而來，在日本1億1900萬人當中，足有76%住在城市，在那里社區(qū)和幾世同堂的大家庭已經成為過去，取而代之的是單門單戶的兩代之家。

　　【析句】注意第一句話后的標點符號為分號，說明這是完整的句子，而不是with 引導的伴隨狀語。實際上這是一個倒裝句，真正的語序是centralization has come with economic growth.分號后，句子主干是76% of citizens live in cities，where引導地點狀語從句，修飾cities。英語長難句中，一定不要忽視標點符號的作用。

　　36. Instead， we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles， which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life， whose own children are enrolled in private schools. (2000. 閱讀. Text E)

　　【譯文】相反，我們目睹了比以前任何時候都多的虛偽景觀：美國物欲主義批評家在南安普頓擁有一棟避暑別墅；激進的出版商到三星級餐館就餐；倡導終生參與民主的新聞記者卻把自己的子女送進私立學校。

　　【析句】本句很長，但結構相對簡單：主句是we are treated to ...spectacles， 后跟非限制性定語從句，修飾前面的整個句子。冒號之后，是對于hypocritical spectacles的解釋說明，共有三個名詞，the critic of...+介詞短語；the publisher of...+who引導的定語從句；the journalist+動名詞引導的定語結構+whose引導的定語從句。

　　37. This does not mean that ambition is at an end， that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings， but only that， no longer openly honored， it is less openly professed. (2000. 閱讀. Text E)

　　【譯文】但這并不意味著雄心已經窮途末路，人們不再感到它對人們的激勵了，只是人們不再公開地以它為榮，更不愿公開地坦白了。

　　【析句】句子的主句是This does not mean，但主要內容表現(xiàn)在后面that引導的賓語從句，前兩個是并列關系，后一個與前兩個成轉折關系，that ambition ...end， that people...promptings，but that it is less professed。no longer openly honored作最后一個賓語從句的伴隨狀語。

　　38. Such， then， is the way things stand: on the left angry critics， on the right stupid supporters， and in the middle， as usual， the majority of earnest people trying to get on in life. (2000. 閱讀. Text E)

　　【譯文】于是，情況就成了這樣，左邊是憤怒的批評家，右邊是愚蠢的支持者，而居中的通常是大多數認真而努力追求成功的人。

　　【析句】主句Such is the way things stand中，things stand是省略了引導詞的定語從句，冒號后進一步解釋說明三種人，介詞短語在前，省略了系動詞are，主語在后。

　　39. Sad to say， this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes， combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want. (2001. 閱讀. Text 3)

　　【譯文】遺憾的是，這次新聞機構新都調查計劃結果只獲得了一些膚淺的發(fā)現(xiàn)，諸如新聞報道中的事實錯誤、拼寫或語法錯誤，和這些低層次發(fā)現(xiàn)交織在一起的還有許多令人撓頭的困惑，譬如讀者到底想讀些什么。

　　【析句】英語閱讀中有不少長句自成一段，本句就是一例。句子的主句是this project has turned out to be ...finds， about+后面三個名詞作賓語的補語；逗號后combined with...puzzlement是過去分詞引導的伴隨狀語，里面又含有what引導的賓語從句。

　　40. There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers， which helps explain why the "standard templates" of the newsroom seem alien to many readers.  (2001. 閱讀. Text 3)

　　【譯文】新聞記者和讀者之間存在著社會和文化方面的脫節(jié)，這就是為什么新聞編輯室的"標準模式"與眾多讀者的意趣相差甚遠。

　　【析句】句子主干是there be的主句加which引導的非限制性定語從句，定語從句中why引導賓語從句作explain的賓語。如果考生不理解standard templates，可以參考上下文中給出的解釋即standard patterns。

　?。ㄎ沂菍嵙曅【幮“祝簱碛袎粝胫皇且环N智力，實現(xiàn)夢想才是一種能力。）